11MBA翻译中可能遇到的较难的专有名词 - 英 语 时 空 - 中国MBA论坛 MBA论坛,...

Open economy 开放经济


　　An economy that interacts freely with other economies around the world


　　Open-market operations 公开市场活动


　　The purchase and sale of United States government bonds by the Fed


　　Opportunity cost 机会成本


　　Whatever must be given up to obtain some item


　　Okun's law 奥肯定律


　　the observation that as the economy pulls out of a recession, output increases more than proportionately to increases in employment


　　opportunity sets 机会集合


　　a summary of the choices available to individuals, as defined by budget constraints and time constraints


　　output per capita 人均产量


　　a nation's output divided by the number of individuals in the country


　　outputs 产量


　　the outcomes of a production process


　　overhead costs 管理费用


　　the costs a firm must pay just to remain in operation. They do not depend on the scale of production


　　Perfect complements 完全互补品


　　Two goods with right-angle indifference curves


　　Perfect substitutes 完全替代品


　　Two goods with straight-line indifference curves


　　Permanent income 持久收入


　　A person's normal income


　　Phillips curve 菲利普斯曲线


　　A curve that shows the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment


　　Physical capital 物质资本


　　The stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and services


　　Pigovian tax 庇古税


　　A tax enacted to correct the effects of a negative externality


　　Positive statements 实证表述


　　Claims that attempt to describe the world as it is


　　Poverty line 贫困线


　　An absolute level of income set by the federal government for each family size below which a family is deemed to be in poverty


　　Poverty rate 贫困率


　　The percentage of the population whose family income falls below an absolute level called the poverty line


　　Price ceiling 价格上限


　　A legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold


　　Price discrimination 价格歧视


　　The business practice of selling the same good at different prices to different customers


　　Price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性


　　A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as a percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price


　　Price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性


　　A measure of how much the quantity supplied of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in price


　　Price floor 价格下限


　　A legal minimum on the price at which a good can be sold


　　Prisoners' dilemma 囚犯的两难处境


　　A particular 'game' between two captured prisoners that illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial


　　Private goods 私人物品


　　Goods that are both excludable and rival


　　Private saving 私人储蓄


　　The income that households have left after paying for taxes and consumption


　　Producer price index 生产物价指数


　　A measure of the cost of a basket of goods and services bought by firms


　　Producer surplus 生产者剩余


　　The amount a seller is paid for a good minus the seller's cost