沪江英语论坛--【新题型初体验】part?b之信息匹配题－1（100沪元奖励中）

【新题型初体验】Part B之信息匹配题－1（100沪元奖励中）
这一题型主要考查考生区分论点、论据，把握论点论据一致性的能力。如样题所示，该题型要求考生根据文章的内容，从多个选项中找到能支持相应论点的论据。
这就要求考生理解各个论点/观点的重点和含义，并能找出与论点一致的论据。

一、信息匹配题的解题步骤
考生阅读时可按照卷面排列的自然顺序先看六个试题选项后读短文，也可在阅读短文后再看试题选项 。根据实际经验，先看试题选项效率更高一些。因为试题选项中的六分之五是最后确答案，可以通过试题选项迅速理解文章大意，从而准确建立宏观主旨观念，进而有效的做到“抓大放小”。考生读后可以首先了解试题的内容，这样在阅读时可以做到目标明确 ，有的放矢，尽量减少盲目阅读对时间的耗费。具体做法可分为以下几步进行：
1．仔细阅读六个试题选项，正确理解每个选项的意思。对于谈论相似主体的选项，需区别内容的相同处和不同处，并牢记体现不同处的关键词语。
2．快速浏览短文，依靠标题迅速抓住每篇短文的主题。浏览过程中若发现答题所需的具体信息，在词语或句子下面划线并标上所答的题号，以初步敲定。对那些暂时无法肯定的可暂且放置一边，留待第二次阅读时解决。
3．第二次阅读短文时必须有针对性，主要为了解决两个问题：一是仔细检查已初步认定的内容与单句是否匹配；二是找到第一遍浏览时尚未找到的信息。
4．为确保准确无误，若有时间可再次将选项从短文中已选择的内容进行比较，检查有无谬误或疏漏之处。

二、具体的解题方法
1．先读材料后答题
有的考生可能已经养成习惯，喜欢先看后面的选项，然后带着问题再阅读文章。这种答题方法很显然不适合这种新题型，原因很简单，那就是选项中的文字可能比文章的文字少不了多少，选项读完后也记不住多少。所以，最好的办法是，略读文章没有题目的部分，细读后面的选项，然后再根据小标题一一和选项对照。
2．先看标题后看选项
通读完材料之后，考生就可以开始答题了，但这时也要注意先后顺序。考生应先看小标题，然后再根据标题所表达的含义到选项中去找对应的阐述部分。在理解全文大意的前提下，我们很容易理解并记住小标题的意思，在备选的选项中去一一对照就比较容易了。做完一道题之后再按同样的方法继续下去。
3．概括选项含义，提炼中心思想
有的选项可能文字较多，这时考生应概括段落的中心思想，必要时用汉语迅速地把它记下来。同时，可以将重要的句子划出来，整合之后再与前面的小标题一一对照。
4．熟悉论证手段，抓住内涵不放
前文已经论述了段落展开的几种手段，考生应对他们有一个大概的了解。出题者可以对其中的任何一种手段进行考查。所以，只要考生熟悉这些段落扩展手段并能对段落进行综合概括，在考试时就能既快又准地找到答案。

三、在某一标题下段落展开的几种方法
在某一标题或主题的限定下而展开论述，我们一般情况下可以采用如下方法：
1．分类法：这种方法常用于阐述某一概念。它通过对概念中所包括的事物进行分门别类，分别加以叙述，使考生对于这一概念获得更为清晰的认识。如：标题中有"various forms of communication"等词，那么，作者就可能将其分为oral speech，sign language，body language或other forms of nonlinguistic language来加以阐述。
2．例证法：即举例法，指用典型、具体而生动的事例来证明、阐述一个观点，支持文章标题。此种方法通常用于主题比较抽象的文章中，通过使抽象意义具体化而使文章通俗易懂并有说服力。
如：讲如何学习，就可能举几个类似于如何记单词的例子来使文章更加生动、具体。
3．列举法：就是在文章中用一个个细节来对标题所体现的主题思想进行说明的方法。列举法的使用会使文章显得思路清晰，有条有理。
4．因果法：即通过分析事物发展的原因和结果将文章标题阐述清楚的一种方法。因果法有两种：先因后果法和先果后因法。顾名思义，就是原因和结果在段落中出现的顺序不同。
5．比较、对比法：即在文章中找出两个或两个以上不同种类的事物之间的共同点或不同点进行阐述的方法。比较对比法有两种具体写作方法：一是进行整体的比较和对比，二是进行逐项的比较和对比。

四、实用答题技巧
1．收缩寻找范围
首先看清楚第一组例句问题和最后一道问题，之后找到两者所提问的内容在文中的位置，然后你会发现通常整组问题的答案都在此之间。用这个方法，你可省掉不少时间。
2．注意文字或句子的形式变化
在文章中寻找答案的难度取决于你对字句的形式变化的认识能力。
需要注意三种形式：
第一种：同义、相同的词或词组
第二种：同义、相似的字
第三种：同义、有很大差异的词或词组
a)department stores=department stores(第一类)
b)joined by=linked by(第二类)
c)walkways above and below the ground=over_thestreet crossings and unde rground walkways(第三类)
3．留意数字
数字的位置是最容易找的，如果问题提及过，用寻找关键字的方法就能找到答案。记住，数字有时候也可用英语表达出来。
练兵1：
Directions:
You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45).There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar“tombstone”that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional”resume－descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.
It’s handy to have a “tombstone”for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested“tombstone”lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.
What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read－a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.
41.Put yourself first:
In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.
42.Sell what you can do, not who you are:
Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.
Toot your own horn!
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch－if only you show it.
43.Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!
Remember that “brevity is the best policy.”
44.Turn bad news into good:
Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.
45.Never apologize:
If you’ve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background)in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at being a mother; it’s the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don’t mention education.
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments(leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you’ve ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a reaction. When you’ve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.
Isn’t that the kind of person you’d want working for your?
［A］One resume I received included the following:“invited by my superior to straighten out our organization’s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.”Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward－all in 34 words.
［B］A woman who lost her job as a teacher’s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote:“Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher’s aide she would rehire if government funds became available.”
［C］For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.
［D］An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement“Ready to learn though not so well educated”.
［E］One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.
［F］A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She’d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn’t in her resume. She answered,“It wasn’t important.”What she was really saying of course was“I’m not important.”
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