初中英语语法复习（7） 形容词、副词的比较等级

形容词、副词的比较等级
1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。
句型：1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B
2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B
A与B在某方面不同
注意：not as / so… as = less than 不及；不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用）
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？
3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的in , of短语连用）
( 注意：of + 个体名词单数  in + 集合名词 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比较等级的其他用法
1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒
(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
2) “the比较级，the比较级”  “越……，越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懒，收获越少。
3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D).             _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”
eg. He’s a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。
6)区别older / elder与farther / further
older（年龄较老的）
elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距离“较远的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua. 形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气，表示“……一点儿；……得多 ； 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that (D).                   _______________
3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D).                _______________
3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。
eg.1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体).          (  ×  )
正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)
2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, …”（但“第一”不能用first）
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.    改错：________________
附：形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
1.“辅 + y”结尾，变y为i加er , est
(但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外)
2.双写加er , est
3.直接加 er , est / r, st
4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副词也在前加more , most)
B、不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/well
better
best
many/much
more
most
bad/ill/badly
worse
worst
little
less
least
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
另外：
1)      以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________  ________
simple _________  _________
able _______  _______
2)      tired__________  __________
pleased ___________  ____________
3) often ________________  _____________
friendly_______________  ____________
4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________
5)形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语，只能表语：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副词作状语，修饰动词。
练   习
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级
thin ____  ____     easy _____  ______
early ______  ______ new ______  ______
hot ______   ______ clever ______ _______
little _____   ______ late _____  ______
narrow______ ______fat _____  ______
many ______  _____ big _____  ______
dangerous__________  ___________
wonderful __________  ___________
careful __________  ____________
slowly __________  ____________
popular __________  ____________
二、选择填空
(  )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?
A. difficult     B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
(  )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge  B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
(  )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.
A. strong as        B. so strong as
C. so strong        D. as strong
(  )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich  B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
(  )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.
A. more ; much   B. much ; more
C. more ; more    D. much ; much
(  )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good  B. well  C. better  D. best
(  )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly  B. heavy   C. heavily
(  )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully  B. good  C. nice  D. fine
(  )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country        B. any other country
C. any countries       D. all countries
(  )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
(  )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl         B. any other girl
C. all the girls      D. any girls
(  )12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy   B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
(  )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more   B. much   C. very  D. the most
(  )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
(  )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close  B. to close  C. closing D. closed
(  )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.
A. good ; good       B. well ; well
C. good ; well        D. well ; good
(  )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.
A. better at      B. good at
C. well in       D. weak in
(  )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west         B. more developed
C. east          D. less developed
(  )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
(  )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful  B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
(  )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong            B. stronger
C. strongest          D. the strongest
(  )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to           B. quite ; to
C. too ; to            D. so ; that
(  )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast        B. quickly enough
C. enough slow       D. slowly enough
(  )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.
A. careful ; careful     B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully ; careful    D. careful ; carefully
(  )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.
A. careful B. hard  C. busy  D. happy
(  )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.
A. smaller B. fewer  C. much   D. larger
附Ⅰ——动词的四种形式
A、动三单的变法
1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y为i加es
2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es
3)直接加s
但have----has
B、现在分词的变法
1)去e加ing (e不发音)
2)双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)
3)直接加ing
写出下列动词的现在分词
1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______
4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______
10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______
C、动词的过去式和过去分词
（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255）
（二）规则变化
1) “辅+y”结尾，变y为i加ed
2)双写加ed
3)直接加ed
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______
3.prefer ________  _________
4.study ______ ______5.try   ______  ____
6.fix _____  ______ 7.relax ______  ______
附Ⅱ——情态动词（can/ could; may/ might; must; should）+动原
1.must(必须)——needn’t(不必)
may(可以)——mustn’t(不许；不准；不可以)
2.注意几个题：
1)—May I go with you?
—No, you _________.
2)—Must I turn off the light now?
—Yes, you ______/ No, you _________
附Ⅲ——动词不定式与动名词
A、动词不定式作宾补
1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________
否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do __________
____________________
2)省to不定式作宾补
即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do
l—let; m—make; n—notice; 3h—hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel
但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)
2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原
eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.
He was heard to sing in the room.
B、动词不定式与动名词的区别
1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do
2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing