神马文学网世界上最糟糕的首字母缩写词
来源：百度文库 编辑：神马文学网 时间：2024/06/12 06:10:53
世界上最糟糕的首字母缩写词
外交家、士兵、政客以及经济学家，人人都爱好的首字母缩写词。本文列举5个最误导人、最具侮辱性以及最平庸的首字母缩写词。
BRIC （金砖四国）
组成：巴西（Brazil）、俄罗斯（Russia）、印度（India）和中国（China）
意义：在2001年，高盛的分析师们广泛使用此术语来形容这些经济快速增长、人口众多的发展中国家。许多分析家认为，这些国家将在下世纪成为世界上占主导地位的经济大国。
有误之处：“BRIC”（砖）也许会让人联想到力量或结实，不过这个词也很容易让人想到迟钝或脆弱。而且这个词表述也不是很清楚——这些国家不是同一个类国家。政治上，巴西和印度比较混乱，但是民主色彩浓；而俄罗斯和中国却分别是半集权以及完全集权的政体。在金融危机之后，四国的发展轨迹也不同。巴西、印度和中国已然受伤，其发展步伐虽然缓慢却也坚定；经济衰退打击了俄罗斯，其今年的国内生产总值（GDP）可能萎缩6个百分点，下滑之势宛如一吨......这个画面......你自己想吧。
PIIGS
组成：葡萄牙（Portugal）、爱尔兰（Ireland）、意大利（Italy）、希腊（ Greece）和西班牙（Spain）
意义：欧洲边缘的这些国家在金融危机中受到的打击尤其大，大部分都需要救助资金。（处在低谷的PIIGS）“PIGS”这个词，描述的是欧洲南部四个经济体。“PIGS”这个词第一次出现很可能是在一位德国银行家给客户的信中，很快这个词就成了2008年欧洲出版界的宠儿。而随后那个中间有两个“I”的版本，则是后来加上问题缠身的爱尔兰（Ireland）才形成的。“PIIGS”现在更受欢迎。
为什么这个词很坏：即使是在猪流感（甲型H1N1流病毒）爆发之前，这个缩写词对组成这个词的国家也相当具有侮辱性。这些国家在几个月前还被称作“老虎”，它们的经济高速增长，经济政策适宜商业活动。“PIIGS”曾经还被当作欧洲一体化发展目标样板。不错，它们在泡沫时期确实表现得不负责任，但是考虑到诸如德国这样的“核心”国家的糟糕情况——德国的出口导向型经济在全球需求衰退中遭受重度打击，实际上，欧洲没有人有资格说“PIIGS”这些国家是猪。（如果这些国家都是蠢猪，那么德国呢？——译者注）
P5+1
组成：联合国安理会五大常任理事国+德国（The Permanent five members of the U.N. Security Council plus Germany）
意义：这些国家正在为伊朗核计划谈判而出谋划策。这些国家指英国、中国、法国、俄罗斯和美国这五大常任理事国，外加德国这个非常任理事国。
为什么这个词很坏：严格意义上来说，这个不是个首字母缩写词。这个词本身就证明了联合国的规制结构有多落伍。五国系统将轴心国排除在外，这在1945年时还说得通。不过，如今这样僵化的结构并不足以处理大部分世界危机。当其组织名字开始变成等式时，也就该将原来的名字放弃了。还记得G7+1吗？（现在变成了G8——译者注）
RINGO, BINGO, and GONGO
组成：研究型独立非政府组织（RINGO，Research and Independent Non-Governmental Organization）, 工商业非政府组织（ BINGO,Business and Industry Non-Governmental Organization) 以及政府筹办非政府组织 (GONGO, Government-Organized Non-Governmental Organization)
意义：随着非政府组织（NGOs）在国际事务中影响力和知名度的提高，文明社会分类学也随之为其划分了一个领域来区别那些不同寻常的非政府组织。如清洁空气政策中心(the Center for Clean Air Policy) 之类的研究型独立非政府组织（RINGO)以及欧洲电力行业的Eurelectric（欧洲电力）之类的工商业非政府组织BINGOS 经常在环境变化谈判中出现。政府筹办非政府组织 (GONGO)通常是指那些由政府组建用以粉饰太平的组织。俄罗斯前克里姆林青年组织纳什（Nashi）就是一个著名的例子。
为什么这个词很坏：灵果（RINGOs——此处取音译，下同，译者注）和宾果（BINGOs ）只是听起来很傻。而且这些词让人想起的更多是披头士在教堂地下室开演唱会，而不是公众和私人联合制定温室气体排放标准。工商业非政府组织（ BINGO）的出现表明（不是很准确的那种），通常的非政府组织是完全独立于行业利益之外的。事实上，许多所谓的独立非政府组织都依赖公司捐助才能开展活动。而政府筹办非政府组织 (GONGO),一个缩写词一般是不会在字面上自相矛盾的。为什么不直呼其名？政府机构。
SOFA（沙发）
组成： 地位协议（Status Of Forces Agreement）
意义：此协议为军队与军队驻扎所在的国家签署的协议。最著名的地位协议就是美伊两国2008年签署的撤军协议。
为什么这个词很坏:首先，对于一个相当严肃的话题来说，这个词相当傻，还引得编辑们写些糟糕的双关头条（离开沙发、无沙发可依等等）。对于美国人来说，这个听起来很无邪的词，掩盖了地位协议在国外多么惹人争议。对于伊拉克人来说，美军的“地位”就是占领军。（而对于中国人来说，这又是一个网络流行词汇。——译者戏言）
The List: The World's Worst Acroynyms
Diplomats, soldiers, politicians and economists all love a good acronym. Here are five of the most misleading, insulting, and just plain annoying.
Kremlin.ru BRIC
What does it stand for? Brazil, Russia, India, and China
What is it? In 2001, Goldman Sachs analysts popularized this term for referring to the fast-growing, populous developing countries that many think will become the world's dominant economic powers in the next century.
What's wrong with it: "BRIC" may connote strength or solidity to some, but it can just as easily bring to mind something inert, or brittle. It's also not exactly clear that these countries belong in the same category. Politically, Brazil and India are messy but vibrant democracies, while Russia and China are semiauthoritarian and completely authoritarian, respectively. Since the financial crisis, the four countries have followed different economic trajectories as well. Whereas Brazil, India, and China have been hurt, but look likely to continue growing at a slower but steady pace, the economic slowdown has hit Russia -- whose GDP is likely to shrink 6 percent this year -- like a ton of … well, you get the picture.
BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images PIIGS
What does it stand for? Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain
What is it? The countries on Europe's periphery that have been hit especially hard by the financial crisis and most in need of bailout money. (PIIGS at the trough.) The term "PIGS," describing the four southern European economies, was likely first used by a German banker in a private letter to a client and quickly became a favorite of the European press in 2008. The double-I version, which includes troubled Ireland, is now more popular.
Why it's bad: Even before the swine-flu outbreak, this acronym was a rather insulting name for the countries that just a few months ago were being called "tigers" for their high growth rates and pro-business economic policies. The PIIGS were once held up as the model of what European integration could achieve. Yes, they may have behaved irresponsibly during the bubble, but given the woes of "core" states such as Germany, whose export-driven economy has been decimated by the global slowdown in demand, no one in Europe is really in a position to be calling these countries swine.
AFP PHOTO/Sang Tan/WPA POOL P5+1
What does it stand for? The permanent five members of the U.N. Security Council plus Germany
What is it? The group of countries conducting ongoing negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program consists of Britain, China, France, Russia, and the United States, as well as Germany, which is not a Security Council member.
Why it's bad: Although not strictly an acronym, the name itself is a testament to how outdated the U.N. governance structure has become. A five-country system excluding the axis powers might have made sense in 1945, but today this rigid structure isn't adequate for taking on most global crises. When organizational names start turning into equations it's time to give them up. Remember the G7+1?
BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images RINGO, BINGO, and GONGO
What does it stand for? Research and independent non-governmental organization, business and industry non-governmental organization, and government-organized non-governmental organizationWhat is it? As the influence and prominence of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) has grown in international affairs, a subfield of civil society taxonomy has grown to distinguish abnormal NGOs. RINGOs (such as the Center for Clean Air Policy) and BINGOS (such as the European electricity industry's Eurelectric) come up frequently in climate-change discussions. GONGO generally refers to organizations set up by authoritarian governments to fake the appearance of civil society. Nashi, Russia's state-organized, pro-Kremlin youth group, is a great example.
Why it's bad: RINGOs and BINGOs just sound silly, bringing to mind a Beatles concert in a church basement more than and public-private partnerships to address emissions standards. Creating the designation BINGO also implies, inaccurately, that normal NGOs are completely independent from the interests of industry. In fact, many so-called independent NGOs rely on corporate donations for their activities. As for GONGOs, an acronym generally shouldn't directly contradict itself. Why not just call them what they are? Government agencies.
ABDELHAK SENNA/AFP/Getty Images SOFA
What does it stand for? Status of forces agreement What is it? An agreement between a military and the foreign country where it is based. The best-known SOFA is the withdrawal agreement reached between the United States and Iraq in 2008.Why it's bad: First of all, it's a fairly glib acronym for a fairly serious topic and tempts editors into writing awful punny headlines (getting off the SOFA, no SOFA to lean on, etc.). To Americans, the innocuous-sounding name also masks just how controversial SOFAs can be abroad. For many Iraqis, the "status" of U.S. forces is that of an occupying power. What's your least favorite acronym? E-mail us at fpletters@foreignpolicy.com.
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