DOS 命令大全

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List of DOS commands
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Contents
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1 Resident and transient commands
2 Command line arguments
3 Windows command prompt3.1 Command line help
4 Commands4.1 append
4.2 assign
4.3 attrib
4.4 backup and restore
4.5 BASIC and BASICA
4.6 Call
4.7 cd or chdir
4.8 chcp
4.9 chkdsk
4.10 choice
4.11 cls
4.12 copy
4.13 ctty
4.14 defrag
4.15 del or erase
4.16 deltree
4.17 dir
4.18 echo
4.19 edit
4.20 edlin
4.21 exe2bin
4.22 exit
4.23 fastopen
4.24 fc or comp
4.25 fdisk
4.26 find
4.27 format
4.28 help
4.29 intersvr & interlnk
4.30 join
4.31 label
4.32 loadfix
4.33 loadhigh, lh
4.34 md or mkdir
4.35 mem
4.36 memmaker
4.37 mode
4.38 more
4.39 move
4.40 msd
4.41 pause
4.42 pcpark
4.43 print
4.44 rd or rmdir
4.45 rem
4.46 ren
4.47 scandisk
4.48 set
4.49 setver
4.50 share
4.51 smartdrive
4.52 sort
4.53 subst
4.54 sys
4.55 time and date
4.56 tree
4.57 truename
4.58 type
4.59 undelete
4.60 Ver
4.61 verify
4.62 xcopy
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
In thepersonal computeroperating systemsMS-DOS andPC-DOS, a number of standard system commandswere provided for common tasks such as listing files on a disk or movingfiles. Some commands were built-in to the command interpreter, othersexisted as transient commands loaded into memory when required. Over theseveral generations of MS DOS, commands were added for the additionalfunctions of the operating system. In the currentMicrosoft Windows operating system a text-mode commandprompt window can still be used. Some DOS commands carry out functionsequivalent to those in aUNIX system but always withdifferences in details of the function.
[edit] Resident andtransient commands
The command interpreter for MS DOS runs when no application programsare running; after an application exits, if the memory used for thecommand interpreter was overwritten, MS DOS will re-load the commandinterpreter from disk storage. The command interpreter is usually storedin a file called "COMMAND.COM". Some commands are built-intoCOMMAND.COM. When the user types a line of text at the operating systemcommand prompt, COMMAND.COM will parse the line, and attempt to match acommand name to a built-in command or to the name of an excecutableprogram file or batch file on disk. If no match is found, an errormessage is printed and the command prompt is refreshed.
Resident commands varied slightly between revisions of MS DOS.Typically, the functions DIR (list directory), ERASE or DEL (erase afile or directory), COPY (copy files), DATE (display or set date), TIME(display or set time), CD (change working directory), MD (make adirectory on the current disk), REN (rename a file or directory) andsome others were resident in COMMAND.COM.
Other programs were too large to keep in the command processor, orwere less frequently used. Such utility programs would be stored on diskand loaded just like regular application programs, but were distributedwith the operating system. Copies of these utility command programs hadto be on an accessible disk, either on the current logged-in floppydrive or on the command path set in the command interpreter.
[edit] Command line arguments
Main article:Command-line interface

Parts of an MS DOS command line, showing a system prompt, command andcommand line arguments, drive letters, file spec with wildcard characterand command line switches.
In the list below, when a command can accept more than one filename,or a filename including wildcards (* and ?), it is said to accept a filespecparameter. Commands that can accept only a single filename are said toaccept a filename parameter. Additionally, zero or morecommand line switches, or other parameter strings, can be supplied onthe command line. Spaces, and symbols such as a "/" or a "-" may be usedto allow the command processor to parse the command line into filenames, file specifications, and other options.
In DOS commands, unlike Unix, lower-case and capital letters areequivalent for file name specifiers; DOS commands preserve case, but donot require file specifiers to match case. Often parameters or argumentsare also independent of case, especially in those programs developedonly for DOS. (Utility programs that also have versions running underUNIX-like operating systems often use upper and lower case arguements tomean different things.) Sometimes a hyphen ("-") may be used instead ofa slash ("/"); very early versions of DOS made the setting of thedelimter character a user-controlled option.
Commands which are not built into the command interpreter may followthe same conventions.
For some commands, aUNIX command with similar functionsis given. Comparisons are approximate. While many commands are the sameacross many DOS systems (MS-DOS,PC-DOS,DR-DOS,FreeDOS,etc.) some differ in command syntax or name.
[edit] Windows command prompt
Microsoft Windows supports a number ofcommands which may be invoked by typing them in a command window; theyare usually similar to their MS-DOS equivalents. Typing helpfollowed by a carriage return at a command prompt will list thecommands. File and path names used as arguments may be long, unlikeMS-DOS 8.3 names, and may contain embedded spaces; names with spacesmust be enclosed between a pair of double-quote characters (").
Two command-line interfaces can be used in current versions ofMicrosoft Windows, providing access to the functions of the MS-DOScommands. The old DOScommand.com interpreter issimilar to that used by the original DOS systems. Since this 16-bitexecutable is based on the DOS command.com, it does not support all theextended file name syntax of Windows. Windows applications and otherWindows executables can be started. The Windows Console CommandInterpreter,cmd.exe, is a native WindowsProcess that provides the functionality built in the old DOS command.comand a much extended syntax to run, invoke commands and other tasks.
[edit] Command line help
In versions 5 of DOS and later, the user can get help by typing helpat the shell prompt. To get help on a DOS command, thecommand-line switch /?can be used. For example, to get help for the xcopycommand, type the following at the DOS prompt:
xcopy /?
The operating system will execute the command and the /?parameter instructs the command to display a help page about itself, inthis case xcopy. To view this help page, see thexcopyentry on this page.
[edit] Commands
A partial list of the most common commands forDOS follows.
[edit] append
Display or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search thespecified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path. This hadsome creative uses, such as allowing non-CD based games to be run fromthe CD, with configuration/save files stored on the HD.
append;
append [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
append [/X:on|off][/E]
[edit] assign
The command redirects requests for disk operations on one drive to adifferent drive.
assign [x[:]=y[:][...]]
assign /STATUS
Options:
x The drive letter to reassign.
y The drive letter that x: will be assigned to.
/STATUS Displays the current drive assignments.
If typed without parameters then all drive letters are reset tooriginal assignments.
The command is available in MS-DOS 5.00.
[edit]attrib
Change or view the attributes of one or more files. It defaults todisplaying the attributes of all files in the current directory.
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H][drive:][path][filename] [/S [/D]]
Options:
To add an attribute attach a '+' in front of it.
To remove an attribute attach a '-' in front of it
Attributes include R - Read-only
A - Archive
S - System
H - Hidden
/D - Process folders as well.
/S - Process matching files in the current folder and all subfolders.
Note: Everything inside a brace [option] is an optional item. Roughlyequivalent to theUnix commandschattrandlsattr.
[edit] backup and restore
Programs to back up and restore files from an external disk. Theseappeared in version 2, and continued to PC-DOS 5 and MS-DOS 6 (PC-DOS 7had a deversioned check).
In DOS 6, these were replaced by commercial programs (CPBACKUP,MSBACKUP), which allowed files to be restored to different locations.
[edit] BASIC and BASICA
An implementation of theBASIC programminglanguage for PCs.
IBM computers had BASIC 1.1 in ROM, and IBM's versions of BASIC usedcode in this ROM-BASIC, which allowed for extra memory in the codearea. BASICA last appeared in IBMDOS 5.02, and in OS/2 (2.0 and later),the version had ROMBASIC moved into the program code.
Microsoft released GW-BASIC for machines with no ROM-BASIC. Some OEMreleases had basic.com and basica.com as loaders for GW-BASIC.EXE.
[edit] Call
Calls one batch program from another. A new batch file context iscreated with the specified arguments and control is passed to thestatement after the label specified.
Syntax:
call [filespec][batch file parameters]
filespec: name and if necessary path of the new batch file
parameters: switches
[edit]cd or chdir
Change current workingdirectory.Displays the current working directory when used without a pathparameter.
cd
displays the current working directory on the current drive.
cd directory
changes the working directory on the current drive to directory.
chdir e:directory
changes the working directory on E: to directory.
cd ..
changes the working directory to the parent directory (up onedirectory level).
cd \
changes the working directory to the root (top level) directory ofthe current drive.
Equivalent to theUnix commandcd (with a path parameter), orpwd(without a parameter). cd .. changes to theparent directory.
[edit] chcp
Changes thecode page used to displaycharacter glyphsin aconsole window.
chcp [codepage]
With a numeric parameter, this command changes the codepage settingto codepage. Without a parameter, the command displays thecurrently active codepage.
[edit]chkdsk
Verifies a storage volume (hard disk, partition,floppydisk, flash drive, etc) for file system integrity.
Options:
/F : Fixes errors on the volume (without /F , chkdsk only detects errors)
/P : Forces a full verification
/R : Searches for defective sectors and recovers legible information (applies /F)
/X : Unmounts the volume before processing if needed. (Note: Unmounting temporarily invalidates all pointers/handlers to the volume until process is completed)
chkdsk volume letter: [[path]filename] [/F] [/P] [/R] [/X]
Equivalent to the Unix commandfsck
[edit]choice
Allows for batch files to prompt the user to select one item from aset of single-character choices.
Introduced in MS-DOS 6;[1]DR-DOS 7.03.[2]Earlier versions of DR-DOS supported this function with the switchcommand (for numeric choices) or by beginning a command with a questionmark.[2]
[edit]cls
Clears the screen.
cls
Equivalent to the Unixclear.
[edit]copy
Copies files from one location to another. The destination defaultsto the current directory. If multiple source files are indicated, thedestination must be a directory, or an error will result.
Syntax:
copy from [source\filename] to [destination\folder]
Files may be copied to devices. For example, copy filelpt1 sends the file to the printer onLPT1. copy file con outputs fileto the screen ("console"), which can also be done usingtype file.Devices themselves may be copied: copy con filetakes the text typed into the console and puts it into file,stopping whenEOF (Ctrl+Z) is typed.
Files may be concatenated using +. For example, copyfile1+file2 file_cat will concatenate thefiles and output them as file_cat. There are two switches tomodify the command's behaviour, /a (text mode, the default)and /b (binary mode). In text mode, copy willstop when it reaches theEOFcharacter; in binary mode, the files will be concatenated in theirentirety, ignoring EOF characters.
Examples of usage:
copy /a alpha.txt + beta.txt gamma.txt
copy /b alpha.mpg + beta.mpg gamma.mpg
Equivalent Unix commands arecp(for copying) andcat(for concatenation). Device files may be copied in Unix as well, e.g. cpfile /dev/tty will display a file on the screen (but catfile is more commonly used here).
EquivalentRT-11/RSX-11/OpenVMS command is copy.
Examples of usage:
copy con filename.extension
Everything typed at the console is sent to the file, until a control Zcharacter is typed.
[edit]ctty
Defines the device to use for input and output.
Syntax:
ctty device
device: The terminal device to be used.
Example of usage:
ctty COM1
[edit] defrag
(in MS/PC-DOS; diskopt in DR-DOS)
Defragments a disk drive.
Options: -A – Analyses the fragmentation of a disk drive
-F – Force defragmentation even if disk space is low
-V – Verbose output mode
-H – Defrag hidden files
Example of usage:
defrag driveletter: -a -v
No Unix equivalent.
[edit]del or erase
Deletes one or more files.
This command is used to delete a particular or more files.
Syntax:
del filename
erase filename
Options
*.* All files in current folder
*.* /s all files in current folder and sub folders,
Equivalent to the Unix commandrm.
Equivalent in RT-11/RSX-11/OpenVMS operating systems line is deletecommand which can be contracted to del.
[edit]deltree
Deletes a directory along with all of the files and subdirectoriesthat it contains. Normally, it will ask for confirmation of such adrastic action.
deltree [/y] directory
The /y parameter, if present, tells the deltree commandto carry out without first prompting for confirmation.
The deltree command is not included in recentMicrosoft Windows operating systems. Deleting a non-emptydirectory in those versions of Windows where the command is notincluded, can be achieved by using the rmdir command as inthe following example:
rmdir /s [/q] directory
In Unix, the functionality of deltree is provided by therm command with the parameter -r (or -rffor the /y switch).
[edit]dir
Lists the contents of a directory.
The dir command typed by itself, displays the disk's volumelabel and serial number; one directory or filename per line, includingthe filename extension, the file size in bytes, and the date and timethe file was last modified; and the total number of files listed, theircumulative size, and the free space (in bytes) remaining on the disk.The command is one of the few commands that exist from the firstversions of DOS.
dir [drive:][path][filename] [parameters]
Most commonly used parameters of dir include:
/W : Displays the listing in wide format, with as many as five filenames or directory names on each line.
/P : Pause at every page
/S : Also look in subdirectories
/Axx: Display files with the specified attributes only
/Oxx: Modifies sort order
/B : Uses bare format (no heading information or summary)
> [drive:][path][filename] : To Store Result in a text file;(c:\dir > c:\fileList.txt) (this is not a parameter, it is output redirection)
Possible attributes for the A parameter are D(directories), R (read-only files), H (hiddenfiles), A (files/directories with the archive bit on), andS (system files). The prefix - negates anattribute; attributes can be combined (e.g. /A:DA meansdirectories with the archive bit on).
Possible sort orders are N (name), S(size), E (extension), D (date and time), A(last access date), and G (group directories first). Theprefix - reverses the order.
Other less commonly used parameters of dir include:
/D : Display wide format but sorted by column
/L : Display forced into lowercase
/N : Display forced into long file name format instead of 8.3
/Q : Displays the owner of each file
/X : Display shows 8.3 names next to long file names
The default parameters of dir can be set using the DIRCMDenvironment variable.
Equivalent to the Unix commandls (theoption -l is "long" list format, it works the opposite wayfrom /w.)
Equivalent in RT-11/RSX-11/OpenVMS operating systems line is directorycommand which can be contracted to dir.
[edit]echo
Prints its own arguments back out to the DOS equivalent of thestandard output stream. Usually, this means directly to thescreen, but the output of echo can be redirected like any othercommand. Often used inbatch files to print text out to the user.
echo this is text Outputs 'this is text'
echo. Outputs a blank line
Another important use of the echo command is to toggle echoing ofcommands on and off in batch files.
echo on turns on echoing of commands
echo off turns off echoing of commands
Traditionally batch files begin with the @echo offstatement. This says to the interpreter that echoing of commands shouldbe off during the whole execution of the batch file thus resulting in a"tidier" output. The @ symbol declares that this particularcommand (echo off) should also be executed without echo. For examplethe following 2 batch files are equivalent:
Batch1.bat:
@echo off
echo The files in your root directory:
dir /b /a-d c:\
Batch2.bat:
@echo The files in your root directory:
@dir /b /a-d c:\
Echo can be used to write to files directly from the console, byredirecting the output stream:
echo text > filename
Echo can also be used to append to files directly from the console,again by redirecting the output stream:
echo text >> filename
To type more than one line from the console into a file, use copycon (above).
Equivalent to the Unix command echo.
[edit]edit
Full-screen text editor, included with MS-DOS 5 and 6, OS/2 andWindows NT to 4.0
Windows 95 and later, and W2k and later use Edit v 2.0
PC-DOS 6 and later use the DOS E Editor.
DR-DOS used editor up to version 7.
[edit]edlin
DOS line-editor. It can be used with a script file, like debug, thismakes it of some use even today. The absence of a console editor inMS/PC-DOS 1-4 created an after-market for third-party editors.
In DOS 5, an extra command "?" was added to give the user muchneeded help.
DOS 6 was the last version to contain EDLIN, for MS-DOS 6, it's onthe supplemental disks, PC-DOS 6 had it in the base install. Windows NT32-bit, and OS/2 have Edlin.
[edit]exe2bin
Converts anexecutable (.exe) file into abinaryfile with theextension.com, which is a memory image of the program.
The size of the resident code and data sections combined in theinput .exe file must be less than 64KB. The file must also have no stacksegment.
[edit]exit
Exits the current command processor. If the exit is used at theprimary command, it has no effect unless in a DOS window under MicrosoftWindows, in which case the window is closed and the user returns to thedesktop.
exit [/B]
/B When used within a batch script, exits the script without closing the calling DOS window
Exit also exists in Unix-shells. If an exit command is used in theprimary command shell under Unix, however, it willlogoff the user, similar to thecontrol-D keystroke.
[edit] fastopen
Main article:FASTOPEN
[edit]fc or comp
Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differencesbetween them.
FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/T] [/W] [/nnnn] [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2
FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2
/A Displays only first and last lines for each set of differences.
/B Performs a binary comparison.
/C Disregards the case of letters.
/L Compares files as ASCII text.
/LBn Sets the maximum consecutive mismatches to the specified number of lines.
/N Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison.
/T Does not expand tabs to spaces.
/W Compresses white space (tabs and spaces) for comparison.
/nnnn Specifies the number of consecutive lines that must match after a mismatch.
[drive1:][path1]filename1 Specifies the first file or set of files to compare.
[drive2:][path2]filename2 Specifies the second file or set of files to compare.[citation needed]
Equivalent to the Unix commandscomm,cmpanddiff.
[edit]fdisk
Manipulates hard disk partition tables. The name derives from IBM'shabit of calling hard drives fixed disks. When run from thecommand line, it displays a menu of various partitioning operations:
1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive
2. Set active partition
3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive
4. Display partition information
5. Change current fixed disk drive (only available if the computer has more than one hard drive)
FDISK /MBR installs a standard master boot record on the hard drive.
FDISK /MBR #: where # is other partition on system. Completes abovecommand on indicated partition.
eg: "C:\FDISK /MBR D:" would install boot record on D:\ partition.
Fdisk exists under Unix with the same name, but it is an entirelydifferent program. However they share purposes.
[edit]find
Afilter to find lines in the input datastream that contain or don't contain a specified string and send theseto the output data stream.
Find may also be used as apipe.
find "keyword" < ''inputfilename'' > ''outputfilename''
Searches for a text string in a file or files.
FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]
/V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string.
/C Displays only the count of lines containing the string.
/N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines.
/I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string.
"string" Specifies the text string to find.
[drive:][path]filename Specifies a file or files to search.
If a pathname is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt
or piped from another command.
Equivalent to the Unix commandgrep.The Unix commandfind performs an entirely different functionanalogous todir /s.
[edit] format
Delete all the files on the disk and reformat it for MS-DOS
In most cases, this should only be used on floppy drives or otherremovable media. This command can potentially erase everything on acomputer's hard disk.
/autotest and /backup areundocumented features. Both will formatthe drive without a confirmation prompt.
format [options] drive
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/F:size] [/B | /S] [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors] [/B | /S] [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/B | /S] [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/8] [/B | /S] [/C]
/V[:label] Specifies the volume label.
/Q Performs a quick format.
/F:size Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format (such
as 160, 180, 320,360, 720, 1.2, 1.44, 2.88).
/B Allocates space on the formatted disk for system files.
/S Copies system files to the formatted disk.
/T:tracks Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.
/N:sectors Specifies the number of sectors per track.
/1 Formats a single side of a floppy disk.
/4 Formats a 5.25-inch360K floppy disk in a high-density drive.
/8 Formats eight sectors per track.
/C Tests clusters that are currently marked "bad."
There is also an undocumented /u parameter for "unconditional" thatwill write strings of zeros on every sector. This is now an officialswitch in Windows Vista and 7 but with the parameter /p instead.
Equivalent to the Unix commandmkfs.
Equivalent in RT-11/RSX-11/OpenVMS operating systems line is formatcommand which can not create filesystem. After formatting one shoulduse initialize (contracted to init) command tocreate filesystem (Equivalent to MS-DOS command format /qor "quick format").
[edit]help
Gives help about DOS.MS-DOS
help 'command' would give help on a specific command. By itself, itlists the contents of DOSHELP.HLP. Help for a specific command invokesthe command with the /? option. In MS-DOS 6.x this command exists asFASTHELP.
MS-DOS 6.xx help command usesQBASIC to view a quickhelp HELP.HLP file, whichcontains more extensive information on the commands, with somehyperlinking etc. The MS-DOS 6.22 help system is included on Windows 9xcdrom versions as well.PC-DOS
PC-DOS 7.xx help uses view.exe to open OS/2 style .INF files(cmdref.inf, dosrexx.inf and doserror.inf), opening these to theappropriate pages.DR-DOS
In DR-DOS, help is a batch file that launches DR-DOS' onlinereference, dosbook.Microsoft Windows
Windows NT, all versions, uses DOS 5 style help, but versions beforeVISTA have also a Windows help file (NTCMDS.HLP or NTCMDS.INF) in asimilar style to MS-DOS 6.FreeDOS
FreeDOS uses an HTML help system, which views HTML help files on aspecified path. The path is stored in HELPPATH environment variable, ifnot specified, default path is \HELP on the drive whichHELP is placed.
Partially equivalent to the Unix commandman.
[edit] intersvr & interlnk
(in MS-DOS; filelink in DR-DOS)
Network PCs using anull modem cable orLapLinkcable. The server-side version of InterLnk, it also immobilizes themachine it's running on as it is an active app (As opposed to aTSR) which must be running forany transfer to take place. DR-DOS' filelink is executed onboth the client and server.
New in PC-DOS 5.02, MS-DOS 6.0[3]
No direct Unix equivalent, though some Unices offer the ability tonetwork computers with TCP/IP through null modem or Laplink cables usingPLIP orSLIP.
[edit] join
Attaches a drive letter to a specified directory on another drive.[3]
JOIN d: [d:\path]
JOIN [/D] (removes drive assignment)
If JOIN a: c:\floppy were executed, c:\floppy would displaythe contents of the a: drive. The opposite can be achieved via thesubstcommand.
[edit]label
Changes the label on a logical drive, such as a hard disk partitionor a floppy disk.
In Unix and Unix-like systems, this differs from filesystem tofilesystem. e2label can be used for ext2 partitions.
[edit]loadfix
Loads a program above the first 64K of memory, and runs the program.
loadfix [drive:][path]filename
Included only in MS/PC-DOS. DR-DOS used memmax, whichopened or closed lower, upper, and video memory access, to block thelower 64K of memory.[4]
[edit] loadhigh, lh
Main article:loadhigh
hiload in DR-DOS.
[edit]md or mkdir
Makes a newdirectory. Theparent of the directory specified will be created if it does not alreadyexist.
md directory
Equivalent to the Unix command mkdir.
[edit] mem
Displays memory usage.
mem
Options:
/CLASSIFY or /C - Lists the size of programs, provides a summary of memory in use and lists largest memory block available.
/DEBUG or /D - Displays status of programs, internal drivers, and other information.
/PROGRAM or /P Displays status of programs currently loaded in memory.
Equivalent to the Unix command free.
[edit] memmaker
Starting from version 6, MS-DOS included the external program MemMakerwhich was used to free system memory (especiallyConventional memory) by automaticallyreconfiguring theAUTOEXEC.BAT andCONFIG.SYSfiles. This was usually done by movingTSR Programs to theUpper memory. The whole processrequired three system restarts. Before the first restart the user wasasked whether he/she wanted to enableEMS Memory or not.
The use of MemMaker was popular among gamers who wanted toenable or disableExpanded memory in order to run a gamewhich required EMS or not. Better results could be achieved by anexperienced user manually configuring the startup files to achievegreater free memory yield.
Options:
/BATCH Runs MemMaker in batch (unattended) mode. In batch mode, MemMaker takes the default action at all prompts.
/UNDO Instructs MemMaker to undo its most recent changes.
PC-DOS uses another program RamBoost to optimize memory,either theHIMEM/EMM386 or athird-party memory manager.
[edit] mode
Configures system devices. Changes graphics modes, adjusts keyboardsettings, preparescode pages, and sets up port redirection.[5]
[edit]more
Pages through the output so that you can view more than one screenof text.
command | more
Equivalent to the Unix commandsmore andless.
More may also be used as afilter.
more < inputfilename
[edit]move
Moves files or renames directories.
move filename newname
move driveletter:\olddir driveletter:\newdir
Example of usage:
move c:\old c:\new
Equivalent to the Unix commandmv. DR-DOSused a separate command for renaming directories, rendir.
[edit] msd
Main article:Microsoft Diagnostics
Provides detailed technical information about the computer'shardware and software.
msd
New in MS-DOS 6;[6]the PC-DOS version of this command is QCONFIG.[citation needed]
No Unix equivalent, however in GNU/Linux similar type of informationmay be obtained from various text files in /proc directory.
[edit] pause
Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message'Press any key to continue. . .'.
[edit] pcpark
Parks the hard disk heads in order to enable safe shutdown; onlyused on early versions.
pcpark
No Unix equivalent.
MS-DOS 3.2 (and possibly others) used the command HHSET
[edit]print
Adds a file in the print queue.
Options:
/D device  : Specifies the name of the print devices. Default value is LPT1
/P filename : Add files in the print queue
/T : Removes all files from the print queue
/C filename : Removes a file from the print queue
This command was introduced in MS-DOS version 2. Before that therewas no built-in support for background printing files. The user wouldusually use the copy command to copy files to LPT1.
Equivalent to the Unix commandslpandlpr.
[edit]rd or rmdir
Remove a directory, which by default must be empty of files for thecommand to succeed (the /s flag removes this restriction).
rd directory
Equivalent to the Unix command rmdir.
[edit] rem
Remark statement, normally used within abatchfile. An alternative way not to run a specific statement in a batchfile is creating a label that will never be used, ::.
rem > newfilename
In Unix, the # sign can be used to start a comment.
[edit]ren
Renames a file. Unlike the move command, this commandcannot be used to rename subdirectories, or rename files across drives.
ren filename newname
You can rename files in another directory by using the PATHparameter:
ren [path]|[filename] [newfilename]
An example could be:
ren c:\Windows filex.txt filey.txt
On DOS withlong filename support, care must be taken whendirectories have spaces in their names like "Documents and Settings".In these cases double-quotes are used to enclose them:
ren c:\"Documents and Settings"\"All Users"\Desktop filex.txt filey.txt
Mass renames can be accomplished by the use of wildcards. Forexample, the following command will change the extension of all files inthe current directory which currently have the extension htm to html:
ren *.htm *.html
In Unix, this functionality of a simple move is provided by themvcommand, while batch renames can be done using the rename command.
[edit]scandisk
Disk diagnostic utility. Scandisk was a replacement for the chkdskutility, starting with later versions of MS-DOS. Its primary advantagesover chkdsk is that it is more reliable and has theability to run a surface scan which finds and marks bad clusters on thedisk. It also provided mouse point-and-clickTUI, allowing for interactive session to complementcommand-line batch run.
chkdsk had surface scan and bad cluster detectionfunctionality included, and was used again on Windows NT based operatingsystems.
Equivalent to the Unix commandfsck.
[edit] set
Sets environmental variables. SeeEnvironment variable.
Since Windows 2000, it can even be used for command line inputs byusing Parameter /P
set /p choice=Type your text.
echo You typed: "%choice%"
[edit] setver
TSR designed to return a different value to the version of DOS thatis running. This allows programs that look for a specific version of DOSto run under a different DOS.
Setver appeared in version 4, and has been in every version of DOS,OS/2 and Windows NT since.
[edit]share
Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
share [/F:space] [/L:locks]
/F:space Allocates file space (in bytes) for file-sharing information.
/L:locks Sets the number of files that can be locked at one time.
[edit] smartdrive
Main article:SmartDrive
[edit] sort
Afilter to sort lines in the input datastream and send them to the output data stream.
sort < inputfilename > outputfilename
Similar to the Unix commandsort.Handles files up to 64k. This sort is always case insensitive.[7]
[edit]subst
A utility to map a subdirectory to a drive letter.[3]
subst
subst /D (Deletes the substitute drive)
If SUBST e: c:\edrive were executed, a new drive letter e:would be created, showing the contents of c:\edrive. The opposite can beachieved via thejoincommand.
[edit]sys
A utility to make a volume bootable. Sys rewrites the Volume BootCode (the first sector of the partition that Sys is acting on) so thatthe code, when executed, will look for Io.sys. Sys also copies the coreDOS system files, Io.sys, Msdos.sys, and Command.com, to the volume. Sysdoes NOT rewrite the Master Boot Record, contrary to widely-heldbelief.
[edit]timeand date
Display and set the time and date
time
date
When these commands are called from the command line or a batchfile, they will display the time or date and wait for the user to type anew time or date and press RETURN. The command 'time /t' will bypassasking the user to reset the time.
The Unix commanddatedisplays both the time and date, but does not allow the normal users tochange either. Users with superuser privileges may use date -s to change the time and date.
The Unix commandtimeperforms a different function.
[edit] tree
Shows the directory tree of the current directory
Syntax:
tree [options] [directory]
Options:
/F (Displays the names of the files in each folder.)
/A (Use ASCII instead of the extended characters.)
/? (Shows the help)
[edit]truename
truename
or
truename drivename
or
truename filename
or
truename directory
If typed without a parameter then the current active drive pathnameis displayed.
MS-DOS can find files and directories given their names, withoutfull path information, if the search object is on a path specified bythe environment variable PATH. For example, if PATHincludes C:\PROGRAMS, and file MYPROG.EXE is on thisdirectory, then if MYPROG is typed at the command prompt,the command processor will execute C:\PROGRAMS\MYPROG.EXE
the TRUENAME command will expand a name in anabbreviated form which the command processor can recognise into its fullform, and display the result. It can see through SUBST and JOINto find the actual directory. In the above example,
TRUENAME MYPROG
would display
C:\PROGRAMS\MYPROG.EXE
and for a substituted drive set up by
subst d: c:\util\test
the command
truename d:\test.exe
will display
c:\util\test\test.exe
This command also displays theUNC pathnames of mapped network or localCD drives.
This command is an undocumented DOS command. The help switch "/?"defines it as a "Reserved command name". It is available in MS-DOS 5.00.
This command is similar to the Unix which command, which,given an executable found in $PATH, would give a full path and name. TheC library function realpath performs this function.
The Microsoft Windows command processors do not support this command.
[edit]type
Display a file. The more command is frequently used inconjunction with this command, e.g. type long-text-file |more.
type filename
Equivalent to the Unix commandcat.
[edit]undelete
Restores file previously deleted with del. By default allrecoverable files in the working directory are restored. The options areused to change this behavior. if the MS-DOS mirror TSR programis used, then deletion tracking files are created and can be used by undelete.
Syntax:
undelete [filespec] [/list|/all][/dos|/dt]
Options:
/list : lists the files that can be undeleted.
/all : Recovers all deleted files without prompting. Uses a number sign for missing first character.
/dos : Recover only MS-DOS aware files, ignore deletion tracking file.
/dt : Recover only deletion tracking file aware files.
In Unix and Unix-like systems this differs from filesystem tofilesystem. People who use theext2filesystem can try the command e2undel.
[edit] Ver
An internal DOS command, that reports the DOS version presentlyrunning, and since MS-DOS 5, whether DOS is loaded high. Thecorresponding command to report the Windows version is winver.
Options: DOS 5 and later
/r  : revision level, also shows whether DOS is loaded high
/?  : shows command line help.
Value returned:
MS-DOS up to 6.22, typically derive the DOS version from the DOS kernel. This may be different from the string it prints when it starts.
PC-DOS typically derive the version from an internal string in command.com (so PC-DOS 6.1 command.com reports the version as 6.10, although the kernel version is 6.00.)
DR-DOS reports whatever value the environment variable OSVER reports.
OS/2 command.com reports an internal string, with the OS/2 version. The underlying kernel here is 5.00, but modified to report x0.xx (where x.xx is the OS/2 version).
Windows 9x command.com report a string from inside command.com. The build version (eg 2222), is also derived from there.
Windows NT command.com reports either the 32-bit processor string (4nt, cmd), or under some loads, MS-DOS 5.00.500, (for all builds). The underlying kernel reports 5.00 or 5.50 depending on the interrupt. MS-DOS 5.00 commands run unmodified on NT.
The Winver command usually displays a Windows dialog showing the version, with some information derived from the shell. In windows before Windows for workgroups 3.11, running winver from DOS reported an embedded string in winver.exe.
[edit]verify
Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have beencorrectly written to disk.
If no parameter is provided, the command will display the currentsetting.[8]
verify [on|off]
[edit]xcopy
Copy entire directory trees.
Xcopy is a version of the copy command that can move files anddirectories from one location to another.
xcopy directory [destination-directory]
Equivalent to the Unix commandcpwhen used with -r parameter.
[edit] See also
Command Line Interface
DOS
List of Unix programs
[edit] References
^http://www.computerhope.com/choicehl.htm
^abhttp://www.drdos.com/dosdoc/usergeng/07ugch7.htm
^abcEasyDOS Command Index
^ DR DOS 6.0 User Guide. Digital Research. 1991.
^http://www.computerhope.com/modehlp.htm
^http://www.computerhope.com/msdhlp.htm
^Microsoft on "sort"
^http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/verify.html
[edit] External links
Command Reference  : Microsoft TechNet Database "Command Reference"
The MS-DOS 6 Technical Reference on TechNet contains the official Microsoft MS-DOS 6 command reference documention.
DR-DOS 7.03 online manual
There are several guides to DOS commands available that are licencedunder theGNU Free Documentation License:
The FreeDOS Spec at SourceForge is a plaintext specification, written in 1999, for how DOS commands should work in FreeDOS
MS-DOS commands
A Collection of Undocumented and Obscure Features in Various MS-DOS Versions
[hide]v • d • e
Windowscommand line programs and built-ins (more)
File system
(basic)attrib ·cd ·chdir ·copy ·del ·deltree ·dir ·erase ·expand ·fdisk ·format ·makecab ·md ·mkdir ·mklink ·mountvol ·move ·ntbackup ·rd ·rename ·ren ·rmdir ·robocopy ·sfc ·sys ·type ·wbadmin ·xcopy
File system
(advanced)assoc ·cacls ·chkdsk ·chkntfs ·cipher ·comp ·compact ·convert ·defrag ·diskcomp ·diskcopy ·diskpart ·diskperf ·fc ·fixboot ·fixmbr ·fsutil ·ftype ·icacls ·label ·recover ·reg ·regsvr32 ·replace ·rsm ·subst ·tree ·verify ·vol ·vssadmin
Processesat ·exit ·kill ·schtasks ·start ·sc ·shutdown ·taskkill ·tasklist ·tlist
User environmentappend ·chcp ·color ·date ·eventcreate ·finger ·graftabl ·mode ·path ·pnputil ·popd ·pushd ·runas ·set ·setver ·setx ·systeminfo ·time ·title ·ver ·wevtutil ·whoami ·winsat
Text processingedit ·edlin ·more ·sort
Shell programmingbreak ·call ·cmd ·command ·cscript ·doskey ·echo ·endlocal ·for ·goto ·if ·pause ·powershell ·prompt ·rem ·setlocal ·shift ·forfiles ·choice
Networkingarp ·atmadm ·bitsadmin ·cmstp ·ftp ·getmac ·hostname ·ipconfig ·nbtstat ·net ·netsh ·netstat ·nslookup ·pathping ·ping ·rcp ·rexec ·route ·rpcping ·rsh ·tcmsetup ·telnet ·tftp ·tracert
Searchingfind ·findstr ·where
Miscellaneousbcdedit ·bootcfg ·clip ·cls ·help ·print ·debug ·exe2bin ·lpq ·lpr ·msiexec ·pentnt ·w32tm ·wmic ·powercfg (command)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands"
Categories:DOS on IBM PC compatibles|Microsoft lists
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