英语单词记忆的词根词缀总结-常见的后缀

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英语单词记忆的词根词缀总结-常见的后缀

 

1.名词后缀

(1)具有某种职业或动作的人

1)-an, -ain,表示"……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian,
2)-al,表示"具有……职务的人" principal,
3)-ant,-ent,表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student,
4)-ar,表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard, -art,表示"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)
6)-arian,表示"……派别的人, ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian
7)-ary,表示"从事……的人" secretary, missionary
8)-ant,表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate
9)-ator,表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-crat,表示"某种政体,主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat
11)-ee,表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee
12)-eer,表示"从事于……人" engineer, volunteer
13)-er,表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager
14)-ese,表示" ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese
15)-ess,表示"阴性人称名词, actress, hostess, manageress
16)-eur,表示"……家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian,表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生),musician
18)-ician,表示"精通者, ……家,”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist,表示"……家, …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist
20)-ic,表示"……者,……师" mechanic, critic
21)-ie,表示"爱,指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier,表示"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)
23)-ine, ian,表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina
24)-ist,表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
25)-ive,表示"动作者,行为者” native, captive
26)-logist,表示"……学家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)
27)-or,表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,
28)-ster,表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster
29)-yer,表示"从事……职业者” lawyer 
(2).构成,具有抽象名词的含义1)-acy,表示"性质,状态,境遇" accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age,表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称" courage, storage, marriage
3)-al, a)表示"事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b)表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy, -ency,表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
6)-bility,表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, feasibility,
7)-craft,表示"工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)
8)-cracy,表示"统治,支配" bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy,表示"性质,状态,职位,级别" bankruptcy(破产),supremacy
10)-dom,表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11)-ery, -ry,表示"行为,状态,习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry
12)-ety,表示"性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction, -facture,表示"作成,……化,作用" satisfaction, manufacture
14)-hood,表示"资格,身份,年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
15)-ice,表示"行为,性质,状态" notice, justice, service
16)-ine,表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine
17)-ing,表示"动作的过程,结果" building, writing, learning
18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise,表示"性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)
20)-ism,表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
21)-ity,表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
22)-ment,表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony,表示"动作的结果,状态" ceremony, testimony
24)-ness,表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
25)-or, -our,表示"动作,性质,状态" favor, error,
26)-osity,表示"动作,状态” curiosity
27)-ship,表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship
28)-th,表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
29)-tude,表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure,表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)
31)-y,表示"行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry

(3)带有场所,地方的含义

1)-age,表示"住所,地点" village, cottage
2)-ary,表示"住所,场地" library, granary (谷仓)
3)-ery, ry,表示"工作场所,饲养所,地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)
4)-ory,表示"工作场所,住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory

(4)带有学术,科技含义

1)-grapy,表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, ics,表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology,表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
4)-nomy,表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
5)-ery,表示"学科,技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y,表示"……学,术,法” photography, philosophy

(5)表示人和事物的总和,集合含义

1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)
3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)
5)-ure, legislature, judicature

(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义

1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant
2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)
3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)
6)-ing, clothing, matting
7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment

(7)表示“细小”的含义

1)-cle, particle,
2)-cule, molecule(分子)
3)-el, parcel
4)-en, chicken, maiden
5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)
7)-kin, napkin
8)-ling, duckling,
9)-let, booklet
10)-y, baby, doggy

2.形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,
8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)

(2)表示“相象,类似”的含义

1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-esque, picturesque
3)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
5)-some, troublesome, handsome
6)-y, milky, pasty

(3)表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
3)-ent, violent,

(4)表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义

1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-ous, gaseous
3)-fic, scientific

(5)表示方向的含义

1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward

(6)表示“倍数”的含义

1)-ble, double, treble
2)ple, triple
3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

(7)表示“数量关系”的含义

1)-teen, thirteen
2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth, fiftieth

(8)表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义

1)-an, Roman, European
2)-ese, Chinese,
3)-ish, English, Spanish

(9)表示“比较程度”的含义

1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish
3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost

(10)其他的含义

-less,表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless

3.动词后缀

1)-ize, ise,表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en,表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish,表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate

4.副词后缀

1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise