再说六道轮回图?Wheel?of?Life

再说六道轮回图 Wheel of Life

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六道轮回图

wheel

of

life

放生

唐卡

教育

班玛陈来持明中心即将举行大型放生活动，受活佛嘱托，现将六道轮回图的解释以中英文双语版再次宣说，希望与众生能广结善缘。凡是参加放生的人，活佛都会送亲自加持的由班玛陈来持明中心制作的精美“六道轮回图”唐卡结缘。但凡有此唐卡者，或置于家中，或随身携带，都会起到驱除魔障、潜除违缘、改变风水的作用，并依此善缘，会让自己得到不可思议的世间和出世间的利益的。

世间利益：

有这样一个真实的故事，曾经有一位西方游客去西藏旅游，图中邂逅一位高僧大德，赠予他一张六道轮回图的唐卡。此人将唐卡放在自己的旅行袋中。在其回国的旅途中，意外发生了，飞机失逝。按照常理来推断，这样的事故几乎没有人可以幸免遇难。然而奇迹发生了，这位携带六道轮回图唐卡的游客竟然存活下来。更不可思议的是，从此之后，这个人的事业和财运竟然出奇的好，圆满了世间的资粮和福报。

出世间利益：作为佛教徒，只有建立了正确的世界观，以诸佛菩萨授记，遵循苦集灭道四谛，才能证得果位，出离轮回。

 Wheel of life

The above is the basic view of the universe of Buddhism. It tells about the truth of the world that we are living and the world we have been or will be in and how and why. What is stated below is the illustration and explanation to the above picture (it is called Tangka in Buddhism).

The Twelve Interdependent Causes and their Effects
-The outer rim of the wheel is the depiction of the “Twelve Interdependent Causes and their Effects”

(Starting clockwise from top right)
1.The first depiction is of a blind old man with his stick unable to find his way. This represents spiritual blindness and ignorance
2. This picture shows a potter whose pots symbolize his own deeds (thinking, speaking, and acting) with these he moulds his own karma (fate).
3. A monkey is shown in a tree springing from branch to branch which symbolizes the major consciousness which ignorant people spring uncontrolled from object to object.
4. A boat is show with two people which symbolizes name and form, spiritual and physical energy, inseparably floating on the stream of life.
5. A house with five windows and a door. The five windows symbolize the five senses and the door symbolizes the faculty of thought. These are the things by which the outer world is perceived.
6. A man and a woman embracing symbolizing the consequence of sensual perceptions.
7. This picture shows the emotions by which one is stuck like an arrow to the eye.
8. A woman offering a drink to man represents desire (falling in love), stimulation by perception and emotion which leads to a “thirst for life”.
9. A man is shown picking the fruits from a tree which represents “sensual entanglement” which is the longing to keep what is desired.
10. Procreation is depicted through the illustration of a man and wife sleeping together in a tent symbolizing becoming or existence.
11. The consequence of the previous picture is shown through the depiction of a woman giving birth to a child symbolizing birth.
12. The illustration of inevitable old age(decay) and death in earthly existences symbolized through the depiction of the Tibetan tradition of feeding a corpse to the vultures.

The Symbolic Six Worlds
-The areas between the six spokes represent the six forms of unenlightened existence.

(Starting clockwise from top)
1. Abode of the Gods: a temporary paradise achieved by the action of good deeds. Buddha is illustrated in the top right section with a dramnyen (lute) reminding the gods of their limited pleasures and guarding them against vanity and arrogance which deceives them into believing themselves to be everlasting. However these gods are not free from suffering, after thousands of human years, they are too are subject to old age and death. Thus their suffering is the illusion of eternity in their state of paradise. Their suffering lies in the eventual realization of this error.
2.The World of Men: driven by egoism and ignorance they suffer from the permanent repeated cycle of birth, sickness and death
3.The Realm of the Insatiable: Greedy ghosts suffer from hunger and thirst which they cannot appease or quench. They are depicted with tightened throats and bloated bellies. Buddha is also depicted with a jar of nectar for the hungry ghosts.
4. The World of Hells: There is a cold and hot hell. They are a place of torture for those who have committed evil deeds out of hatred and anger. This life is not eternal however, after being punished for their sins, rebirth into a better life is possible. Yama, the Lord of Death weighs the deeds of the deceased who enter into his kingdom, but he does not decide their fate since their fate has already been decided by themselves. The Buddha is depicted in the top left bringing light and hope to those even in the darkest region.
5. The World of Animals: They suffer from oppression by other beings and they devour each other and become “beasts of burden”
6. The World of the Titans: The titans are permanently warring against the gods and fighting for the fulfillment of their desires. They suffer due to the endless war and the result of envy and insatiable ambition.

The White Path
(Shown in the right of the ring surrounding the very center circle)
-This is the “Path of Bliss” which leads to better rebirths and towards a final liberation. Saints and sages are shown leading the virtuous along the path.

The Dark Path
(Shown in the left of the ring surrounding the very center circle)
-This is the path where the ignorant and sinners are dragged along by demons armed with nooses. This is the path for those who engage in ignorance, envy and hatred, and greed. This path leads to hells and bad rebirths.

The Roots of Evil
(Shown at the very center of the wheel)
-The force that drives the wheel from its hub. Depicted are 3 symbolic animals known as the “Three Unwholesome Roots” because from them grow all the evils of life, or as the “Three Poisons” because they corrupt from within. The cock represents greed, the snake hatred and the pig ignorance, and these are the three things that create all human bondage and misery.

Buddha
(Shown at the very top right of the illustration)
-Buddha is shown representing the potential nirvana possible for all living beings. Nirvana is also possible for all of the beings depicted in the wheel of life.

Bodhisattava
(Shown at the very top left of the illustration)
-The Bodhisattava of compassion looks down in compassion. He is saddened for those suffering in all the six realms. The Bodhisattava is the link between the mundane and the transcendental. He represents the drive within the ordinary to fulfill the transcendental. This link is depicted, if you look closely you can see a discrete line drawn from the top of the “White Path” leading to Buddha representing those beings attaining nirvana.

又名“六趣唯心图”、“六趣生死轮”。造像来自《六趣轮回经》。阎王手持的大轮，可以分为四层圆圈排列。

最内圈
在图的正中央，亦即大轮的轴心部份，是一个小圆圈，圈内有三种畜牲：鸽、蛇及猪；蛇及鸽由猪口而出。这三种动物，分别表义贪、瞋、痴这三毒。这三毒念，是凡夫的根本烦恼，也是令我们不断生死轮回的根本原因。
     鸽的特征是贪欲无足，这是传统的说法。现代的西方动物学家经研究后，发现鸽是所有生物之中性交频率最密的，这似乎与佛教传统说法不谋而合。
     蛇是瞋恨的表义。如果你以手指头轻轻碰一下一条蛇，牠马上便会发怒、马上便会咬人还击，所以画中便以蛇代表瞋恨。
     猪不会分辨好、坏、干净或肮脏，牠只会狼吞虎咽地把任何东西吃下肚子。在平时，猪也只懂吃、睡及拉粪，其它就甚么都不干了。可见以猪来表义愚痴的确是贴切的
     在图的中央最内圈中，蛇及鸽都画成由猪的口而出，这就正是表义贪欲及瞋恨源出于愚痴。

内第二圈
     环的半边是黑的，另半边则是白的。在黑的半边环中，有三个小图形，这是代表了将投入畜牲、饿鬼及地狱道的中阴身。这半个环，开示说众生因贪、瞋、痴三种烦恼驱使造作黑业或不善业（此半环的底色为黑色，表示了黑业），便会在死后感召黑业果而投生于畜牲、饿鬼及地狱道中。图中的畜牲、饿鬼及地狱众生的头部都向下，表示这三种生命形式是痛苦的下道转生。在另半边环中，背景是白色的，内有三个头部向上的图像，代表将生于天道、阿修罗道及人道这三种生命形式的中阴身。这半边环，开示说众生因造作白业（以白背色所表），将感召业果而于死后受生于天界、阿修罗界或人间。这三种生命形式比前述的三恶道较为少苦，故称为「三善道」。

中圈
     生死之轮图主体之中圈，是描述众生轮回的处所（也即六道）之部份。图中的这部份分成六格，每一格中是六道的其中的一道之景况。中圈上方是天道，再顺时针方向数下来是阿修罗道、畜牲道、地狱道、饿鬼道及人间。在其它的图中，我们也会见到另一种画法，把天界与阿修罗界合成一格，所以一共只有五格，而在其中一格内可见到天界众生及阿修罗道众生分开上下而处。不论是五格的画法或六格的版本，都包含了六道在内。
    地狱道
      六道之中，生于地狱道内所受的苦是最为可怕的
    饿鬼道
      饿鬼所受的苦比畜牲道众生为大
    畜牲道
      畜牲的特点是愚痴，饿鬼痛苦虽比畜牲为重，但牠们却能明白佛法。畜牲中虽也有某几种略有较高智力，但普遍来说牠们愚痴及无太精密的思考能力。所以，牠们几乎不可能作任何善业。
     人道
      人间的苦有很多，但可把它们归纳为八苦：生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、爱别离苦、怨憎会苦、求不得苦、五取蕴苦
     阿修罗道
      这一道中的众生福报极大，寿命又极长，与天界众生分别不太大，所以阿修罗道亦称为「非天」。生于此道中的众生虽有极大的善业力，但瞋恨及妒忌心强，故不能生于天界，而生为阿修罗这一种似天而非天的生命形式。
      阿修罗道中，有一棵如意果树，树身在阿修罗道世界，树顶却延伸至天界之中。三十三天的有情，可以尽情享用这树所结的果实，但阿修罗众生却无法享受果实，所以便十分妒忌。他们不甘天界众生坐享其成，所以便会常常尝试以斧头砍断如意树，以令大家都没好处。但天界的众生只需由上洒下一种甘露，树便会马上重活过来，这只令阿修罗更加生气和妒忌。同时，天道中的有情，常对阿修罗世界中的女色垂涎，时常抢夺阿修罗女。为这些原因，阿修罗便常常向天界宣战。
     天道
       天界分为欲界、色界及无色界天。
       欲界天虽然享乐无穷，但由于这里的有情难遇痛苦，所以也无从生起修行之心，虽然欲界天有情的福乐极大，他们却也并非全无痛苦。在与阿修罗作战时，他们或会受伤。有时候，他们又会被更大的天神欺侮，或者因自己的荣华不及其它天界有情而感到自卑。此外，由于他们能知自己的前生及预见未来的一生，预见自己由六道高处将堕入最脏及最苦的地狱中，在临死前他们便经历很大的恐惧。

    六道的本质便是苦。上至天界，中至人间，下至地狱，所不同的只是苦的形式及程度。

外圈
    在生死大轮的最外环，是十二个小格子，每个格子中都有一个小图。这十二个小图，表达了众生在六道中生死流转的运作过程，亦即「十二因缘」。
    环上端右边的小格，表达的是无明。其余的十一格，顺时钟反向数下来便是行、识、名色、六入、触、受、爱、取、有、生及老死等其余十一支。
    它们一支引致另一支，互相有因果系，十二支串起来就如一个环，令众生头昏脑胀，不知情地不断作业、不断生死轮回。这十二支，并没有首尾。它们一支引致另一支，串连引发一次又一次的轮回。

无常死主
    整个生死大轮，由一个凶恶的怪兽掌持。这个露出獠牙的凶猛怪兽，便是无常死主（亦称「阎王」）。包含了六道在内的大轮，由死主手持及口咬，表示六道内的有情众生，上至天界的生命，下至地狱众生，无一可逃离死主的掌握，也不可避开被死主吞噬的命运。

    在图中，佛陀站在生死之轮图主体以上，表义佛陀早已脱出生死、六道轮回及阎摩死主的控制，得到了无苦的自在境界。他的手指两段偈文及一个月亮，是在引导我们依偈文中的教法去做，便能像他一般，达到了以月亮表义的无苦自在境界。